The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. Medieval Literature | PDF | Persian Literature | Mughal Empire - Scribd Kalhaa's account of Kashmir begins with the legendary reign of Gonarda, who was contemporary to Yudhishthira of the Mahbhrata, but the recorded history of Kashmir, as retold by Kalhaa begins from the period of the Mauryas. Persian Literature: How Kashmir Came To Be Known As 'Little Iran' In the first Taranga (book) of Rajatarangini, Kalhana expresses his dissatisfaction with the earlier historical books, and presents his own views on how history ought to be written:[4]. Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. His family ruled for many generations. Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. Who translated Ramayana into Persian? - Vedantu In 1540, the Sultanate was briefly interrupted when Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general attacked and occupied Kashmir. [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. Jonaraja [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. What is the best compliment to give to a girl? [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: What internet mobs don't understand about Urdu - The Indian Express Sanskrit Literature in the Medieval India Who translated Ramayana into Persian language? - Toppr Ask Verse 13. It exposes its own biases instead", "Review of Kingship in Kamr (AD11481459). He erected a monument at. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Cultural Life during the Sultanate Period - History Discussion Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. Was this answer helpful? Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. Shivajis Guru was Shree Samarth Ramdas was a noted 17th-century saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra. Check ' ' translations into Persian. Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Book I attempts to weave imaginary tales of Kashmir kings into epic legends. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. 10-year-old child of Nirjitavarman; placed on throne by the Tantrins. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. thirty journals, primarily in the humanities and social sciences, though it In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Introduction: The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Concerning past occasions. It is the 25th most populated city in India, located on the banks of River Vaigai. Smaller Kingdoms during Sultanate Era - Jagranjosh.com On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The most glorious period of the Lodi Dynasty was the ruling period of Sikander Lodi. During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly, According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. Corrections? He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE. , , are the top translations of "puhdas" into Persian. Book II introduces a new line of kings not mentioned in any other authentic source, starting with Pratapaditya I and ending with Aryaraja. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Eventually the Karkota dynasty ended and a grandson of Utpala became king. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rjatarangi can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: "River of Kings") historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. View Answer [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. puhdas in Persian - Finnish-Persian Dictionary | Glosbe hasContentIssue true, Copyright The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911810002998, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. university presses. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. Rajatarangini - Rajatarangini.pdf - [PDF Document] Answer: [C] Jonaraja Notes: Sultan Sikandar established a department to translate Sanskrit works into Persia and vice versa in Kashmir. If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. [citation needed], He was the next Sultan of Kashmir. Regarding the events of the past, Kalhanas search for material was truly fastidious. Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. A Short Note On Kalhana's Rajatarangini - Unacademy But oddly enough, no translation of the work into Malayalam had been attempted all this time until Raman Menon, a scholar and author of numerous books in Malayalam including an extensive commentary of Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). He was said to belong to the family of an ancestor called Partha, who was described as a second Partha (an allusion to the Mahabharata hero Arjuna). He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. But his traditional conceptual framework, using uncritical assumptions and a belief in the role of the poet as an exponent of moral maxims, makes the idealizing content in his narrative, particularly for the early period, rather dominant. His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. His book Tuti Namah (book of the parrot), written in the time of Muhammad Tughluq, was a Persian translation of Sanskrit stories. The actual power was in hands of Jayadevi's brothers Padma, Utpalaka, Kalyana, Mamma and Dharmma. The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review (Stay up to date on new book releases, reviews, and more with The Hindu On Books newsletter. He was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II in the year 1830 as he had gone to England as an envoy of the emperor. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. In 1380 C.E. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. ): "This [king], who did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers". 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