[7], Dates and contemporaries are taken from James C. VanderKam's From Joshua to Caiaphas: High Priests After the Exile.[8]. [21], The Bible depicts two powerful queens: Jezebel, the queen of Israel (1 Kings 16-21), and her daughter, Athaliah queen of Judah (2 Kings 11). When God Tells Us to Do Something, Does He Mean Forever? Classes will be offered live and recorded for review and/or access across timezones. This has been interpreted as greatness in piety ("awe of Gd "), wisdom, handsomeness, wealth (which, if necessary, is supplied to him), and strength. Moses was originally supposed to assume the role, but according to some traditions,1 he lost that right when he initially refused to be Gd 's messenger to free the Jews from Egypt. Hittite texts depict a cultic system administrated by the royal court and the king, throughout the country. This is a deep teaching that requires intuition to comprehend fully and deeply. Discover Your FREE Personalized Tarot Power Cards, UPRIGHT: Intuition, sacred knowledge, divine feminine, the subconscious mind, REVERSED: Secrets, disconnected from intuition, withdrawal and silence. In the part shown in the photo a priestess carrying incense can be seen on the left, following two swordsmen, walking towards the temple building. Ironically, two high priests, Caiaphas and his father-in-law Annas, were key figures in the trial and condemnation of Jesus, whose sacrifice made the earthly office of high priest no longer necessary. I dont like it that only some guys can be priests in the Old Testament, but Im just reporting how it was. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. In several periods of gentile rule, high priests were appointed and removed by kings. The upper cords can be seen going over his turban. The sacrifices had to be repeated. Knowledge of how to fix these issues will not come through thinking and rationalizing, but by tapping into and trusting your intuition, so allow yourself the time and space to meditate and attend to your inner voice. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The biblical ideal of worship of YHWH alone, with no other Israelite gods or goddesses next to him, could have motivated the removal of the priestesses from cultic performance. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? window.location.replace(""); High priest also occurs in Acts (eleven times). In the 2nd century bc, however, bribery led to several reappointments, and the last of the high priests were appointed by government officials or chosen by lot. Simply put, in the Bible, kohanim (priests) are men; there is no word for priestess () or Levitess (). Tora scroll, moon crown, white cross, veil, black and white pillar, letters B and J, blue robe. As part of this process, which began during the reign of Hezekiah and then Josiah (late 8th 7th cent BCE) according to 2Kings, the Temple also appears to have restricted its priesthood to a specific family or set of families, who were understood as being part of the tribe Levi and descendants of Aaron. The veil represents the separate conscious and subconscious realms, the seen and the unseen, and serves to keep casual onlookers out. 1 : a woman authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion 2 : a woman regarded as a leader (as of a movement) Example Sentences Recent Examples on the Web Raising a sword for peace, not war, a Druid priestess blesses the attendees during a summer solstice celebration at Stanton Drew, where the congregation includes a herd of cows. Hittite culture was also influenced by its contact with North-Syrian Hurrian and Semitic cultures. Hittite texts depict a cultic system administrated by the royal court and the king, throughout the country. Hittite texts reveal the power of queens in the political arena[17] as well as in their direct involvement in administrating the cult asMUNUSAMA.DINGIR. Both the priests and Levites were and are descendants of Levi who was a son of Jacob. Women have a biblical role in society from helping within the church to fulfilling the Great Commission. Illustrators of the 1897 Bible Pictures and What They Teach Us by Charles Foster/Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain. That Christ fulfills this by offering Himself as the final sacrifice is made clear in 5:7. The answers you are seeking will come from within, from your deepest truth and knowing. See B. Portan et. or an acknowledged leader or expert in some field. The weaknesses of the old covenant high priests enabled them to deal gently with the ignorant and wayward (5:2). 4 and 5), who inspired the Israelites to a mighty victory over their Canaanite oppressors (the people who lived in the Promised Land, later Palestine, that Moses spoke of before its conquest by the Israelites); the Song of Deborah (Judg. Chazalic literature unanimously identify Melchizedek as Shem son of Noah (Targum Yonathan to Genesis chap. Please consider supporting TheTorah.com. He is the author "Hope for Hurting Singles: A Christian Guide to Overcoming Life's Challenges. John J. Collins, T. M. Lemos and Saul M. Olyan; Brown Judaic Studies 357; Brown University Press, 2015), 227-241. Trust your Divine Feminine energy, even if the masculine energy around you may appear to be stronger. According to tradition, 18 high priests served in Solomons Temple (c. 960586 bc) and 60 in the Second Temple (516 bcad 70). Upright High Priestess Meaning: Love The High Priestess tarot love meaning suggests that one needs patience, and trust for . [22] Susan Ackerman, The Queen Mother and the Cult in Ancient Israel,JBL112 (1993), 385-401, suggests that the cult of Asherah was worshiped as the state cult in both Jerusalem and Samaria by the queen mother namedgebirah. Her book Hittite Priesthood (Heidelberg: Universittsverlag Winter, 2006) is a comprehensive work on this topic. [6] The women are described as with the verb meaning to serve in the cult which can be compared with the use of this verb in regard to the Levites service in the tabernacle Num 4:23. Jesus Christ was married to Mary Magdalene and had two children, a new book claims. Throughout the Catholic Church, East as well as West, a priest may not marry. Gemstones in the High Priest's Breastplate! As in Mesopotamian and North-Syrian cultures,[11] Hittite priestesses were part of a large, multi-tiered cultic administrative system and thus appear with a number of different titles, representing different classes of priestesses, according to function and periods. [1] For an introduction to women in the Hebrew Bible see Susan Ackerman, Women in Ancient Israel and the Hebrew Bible in:The Oxford Research Encyclopedia, Religion(religion.oxfordre.com, published April, 2016); Tikva Frymer-Kensky,Reading the Women of the Bible(New York: Schocken Books, 2002) xiii-xxii. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. The first mention of a priesthood occurs in Exodus 40:15 And thou shalt anoint them, as thou didst anoint their father , that they may minister unto me in the priests office: for their anointing shall surely be an everlasting priesthood throughout their generations. (KJV, 1611) Among these priests a High . Many of these prophets are also found in the texts of Judaism (The Torah, the Prophets, and the Writings) and Christianity. In contrast, the Bible does have the category known as daughter of a priest ( ; Lev 21:9, 22:12-13) who is not a female cultic professional, but rather a woman who is part of the household of a cultic professional. high priest, Hebrew kohen gadol, in Judaism, the chief religious functionary in the Temple of Jerusalem, whose unique privilege was to enter the Holy of Holies (inner sanctum) once a year on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, to burn incense and sprinkle sacrificial animal blood to expiate his own sins and those of the people of Israel. God spelled out the duties of the high priest in painstaking detail. The following section is based on information found in the various books of the Bible, including the genealogies given in First Book of Chronicles and the Book of Ezra, the works of Josephus[1] and the early-medieval Seder Olam Zutta. The High Priestess is the guardian of your intuition, indicating that it can be a powerful indicator that you will need to trust your feelings when it comes to love and romance. Finally, the Hittites were enmeshed with the Luwians, and also used Luwian Hieroglyphic writing as one of their two main scripts. Josephus, in Jewish Antiquities XX.10, relates that the office was vacant for seven years, but this is highly unlikely, if not impossible. The related Bible verses are in the Pauline epistles at Galatians 6:2 and parenthetically ( being under the law to Christ) at 1 Corinthians 9:21. The man considered for this office had to be married, and his wife had to be an Israelite maiden (Leviticus 21:13 - 14). When Isis wept for the loss of her husband, Osiris, her tears flooded the Nile River, bringing water and rich silt to the parched fields. She has recently co-edited with Roy E. Gane a volume in memory of Jacob Milgrom, Current Issues in Priestly and Related Literature: The Legacy of Jacob Milgrom and Beyond (Resources for Biblical Study 82; Atlanta: SBL Press, 2015). The High Priest is considered the highest religious position of all those who served at the temple. If you are developing these skills, The High Priestess offers you further encouragement to continue your journey and trust that you are on the right path. We could have expected females to officiate in Israelite temples, since they held other important roles in ancient Israel, such as prophetess and wise woman. The law of Christ ( ) is a New Testament phrase. She may be an ordained priestess in a religious order, or she may simply be someone who is held in high esteem by her community. Well look at the Bible, midrash, archaeology and our own imaginings to deepen our understanding of biblical priestessing. Cohen, also spelled kohen (Hebrew: priest), plural cohanim, or cohens, Jewish priest, one who is a descendant of Zadok, founder of the priesthood of Jerusalem when the First Temple was built by Solomon (10th century bc) and through Zadok related to Aaron, the first Jewish priest, who was appointed to that office by . They were among other leaders who challenged Jesus' authority just days before the crucifixion (Matthew 21:23, Luke 20:1 - 2). The High Priestess Reversed calls on you to be still and direct your attention inward to listen to your voice and wisdom. It was considered a lifelong position. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [19] This is demonstrated in Hittite oath taking procedures, where the oath taker will swear that he will be weakened like a woman. However, there were men named in the Bible who would make sacrifices of atonement, interceding on behalf of sinners, who served the function of a High Priest. Women in this role are only described outside of the Torah, and even there, such priestesses are presented in derogatory fashion, in sharp contrast to their ancient Near Eastern counterparts. Oops! Connect with your intuition and your Higher Self through meditation, visualization, shamanic journeying, and being part of spiritual communities. pp. Hebrews 5:1 tells us that the high priest is chosen from among men. This was true of the priests of the old covenant and must also be true of Christ if He is to fulfill that office. It is unknown who held the position of High Priest of Jerusalem between Alcimus' death and the accession of Jonathan Apphus. Mark W. Chavalas; London and New York: Rutledge, 2014), 246-271. The Old Testament lists twenty different professional-type positions that women held in ancient Isarael. ", Duties of the High Priest in the Tabernacle. It was elders and other religious leaders who bribed Judas with 30 pieces of silver to betray Jesus (Matthew 26:14 - 16). These men, in general, were responsible for the temple and its sacrifices, and thus were some of the religious and social leaders of the Jewish people. On the front of the turban was a golden plate engraved with the words "holy to the Lord.". In her lap, she holds a scroll with the letter TORA, signifying the Greater Law (according to A. E. Waite). Only the initiated may enter. Even though the offerings made at the desert tabernacle were sufficient to cover sin, their effect was only temporary. While Josephus and Seder 'Olam Zuta each mention 18 high priests,[4] the genealogy given in 1 Chronicles 6:315 gives twelve names, culminating in the last high priest Seriah, father of Jehozadak. Some texts describe her as having a house (=household, husband) outside the temple, and one text mentions a priestess daughter, so it would seem she was married, like Hittite priests. Omissions? [27] As this female entity was removed, the female involvement in the cult too was gradually restricted, until women were totally excluded as significant cultic functionaries. The high priest had bells on the hem of his robe, so the other priests would know he had died if the bells went silent. She shows up in your Tarot readings when the veil between you and the underworld is thin, and you have the opportunity to access the knowledge deep within your soul. She is a divine figure, emphasized by the horned crown she is wearing . She shows up in your Tarot readings when the veil between you and the underworld is thin, and you have the opportunity to access the knowledge deep within your soul. View our current career opportunities. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? Launched Shavuot 5773 / 2013 | Copyright Project TABS, All Rights Reserved, script type="text/javascript"> Yet He never sinned. Or can't find what youre looking for? The Levites were put in charge of the tabernacle and later, the temple in Jerusalem. Matthew 26:3, 26:57, John 11:49, 18:13, 24, Acts 4:6. Jacobovici and Pellegrino argue that Aramaic inscriptions reading Judah, son of Jesus, Jesus, son of Joseph, and Mariamne, a name they associate with Mary Magdalene, together preserve the record of a family group consisting of Jesus, his wife Mary Magdalene and son Judah. : Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel(Grand Rapids-Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2005), 252-303. Tarot card images courtesy of the Biddy Tarot Deck, Everyday Tarot, The Wild Unknown and Lumina Tarot. One pillar is black with the letter B (Boaz, meaning in his strength) and the other is white with the letter J (Jachin, meaning he will establish). While this may seem contradictory, it could be that the chief priest (singular) is a key leader who rises above the other chief priests, who are above the other priests. In Numerology, the number 2 represents duality. Others may be keeping information from you or talking about you behind your back and sharing mistruths. Still, most high priests came from the Aaronic line. The garments were completed with a robe, tunic, sash, and a turban or hat. Here are the names of high priests in the Bible: In addition, there are several men who carry the title of chief priest: However, there is one more priest. In religious terms, the High Priest was a necessary part of the rites on the Day of Atonement, a day that could have not been allowed to pass uncelebrated for so long so soon after the restoration of the Temple service. [15] For the large number of female professionals in the Hittite cult see Franca Pecchioli Daddi,Mestieri, professioni e dignit neIlAnatolia ittita(Rome, 1982). High priestess definition, the female leader of a tribe, religion, or movement; a female high priest. Where can we find priestess role models in the Hebrew Bible? Zavada, Jack. Jesus changed all that, but thats another discussion for another time.). High priest (always singular, except for two times) is mentioned seventy-eight times in the Bible. The conclusion of the mock trial was that Jesus was (falsely) accused of blasphemy and therefore deserved the death penalty (Mark 14:61 - 64, Matthew 26:62 - 66). Another explanation may be based on the development that Israelite cult went through during the second half of the first millennium. He was the mediator between God and the people. The High Priestess tarot card is part of the Major Arcana in the traditional Ryder-Wait tarot deck. Biblical authors and editors of the texts had a very clear agenda of YHWH as an exclusive deityspecifically, a male deity. If you stop thinking or fretting about your issue and instead clear the way for your intuition to speak to you, the answer will follow. Whenever you worry that things are just getting too crazy, find a quiet space and meditate so you can hear her voice. These two queens as well as a queen-mother Maachah, mother of king Asa of Judah (1 Kings 15:13), are presented in the biblical texts as objectionable, mainly for their cultic role as supporters of worship to divine entities other than YHWH. 369ff. Today we find ourselves at the beginning of Hebrews 5, which is part of a lengthy exposition on the priestly work of Christ. We see reoccurring mentions in the Gospels: Matthew (seven times), Mark (eight), Luke (three), and John (ten). After his arrest, Jesus was taken to an assembly where many of them were gathered in order to judge him. The Torah 4 describes the high priest as the one who is "the greatest from amongst his brethren." What defines his greatness? Many implicit comparisons between the old covenant priests and the person and work of Christ are made in this section. The Bible mentions the majority of high priests before the Babylonian captivity, but does not give a complete list of office holders. Subscribe to the CompellingTruth.org Newsletter: What is the biblical role of the high priest? The majority of Chazalic literature attributes the primary character of psalm 110 as King David who was a "righteous king" ( ) of Salem (Jerusalem) and, like Melchizedek, had certain priest-like responsibilities, while the Babylonian Talmud understands the chapter as referring to Abram who was victorious in battling to save his nephew Lot and merited priesthood. There are fruit, flowers and precious stones in the foreground. Finally, The High Priestess is a signal that you are being called to embrace the Divine Feminine your connection to your intuition, compassion, empathy, and inner wisdom. Both in the Bible (in which the Torah is included) and in art, this knowledge is . Seeing the Letter Tet in a Dream: 9th Anniversary, Study the Torah with Academic Scholarship, By using this site you agree to our Terms of Use, https://thetorah.com/article/why-are-there-no-israelite-priestesses. God chose Aaron, brother of Moses, to be his first high priest, and Aaron's sons to be priests to assist him. Others of the tribe of Levi also took part in the operation and maintenance of the temple. John 11:4952 possibly indicates that the high priests often had the gift of prophecy. In fact, if the High Priest was poor it was considered the duty of others who served in the temple to contribute enough money to make him rich! Ponder the implications. [16] She was always described among other cult participants in the state festivals, and her cultic role was related to the activity of the king, queen, or prince. He was expected to be superior to all others in physique, in wisdom, in dignity, and in material wealth. For every high priest chosen from among men is appointed to act on behalf of men in relation to God, to offer gifts and sacrifices for sins (Heb. 98-100. Jesus knew in advance that he would suffer and be put to death by them (Matthew 16:21, Mark 8:31, Luke 9:22). . This superiority is not something that should make us run away from Christ. The mother of Micha (Judg 17) ruled her household; Abigail (1 Sam 25) took the initiative in saving her household from Davids wrath; Joab found a wise woman in Teqoa (2Sam 14:2); Jeremiah (9:15) describes a female sage or wise woman;. The biblical authors, in their fervor for YHWH, monotheism, and centralization of worship through one Temple and one priesthood, strongly objected. Read more in his books, blog, and weekly email updates. The division into courses occurred during the reign of King David. In several periods of gentile rule, high priests were appointed and removed by kings. The old covenant high priests offered sacrifices that satisfied Gods justice and demonstrated His mercy. In more peripheral areas, temple personnel were also under central royal rule, and had to vow loyalty to the king. The high priests lived much like the regular priests, only they had a few special responsibilities that set them apart. According to the Bible, an Asherah symbol stood in Solomon's temple for about half of its roughly 400 years. However, chief priest (singular) occurs seventy-five times. God chose Aaron, brother of Moses, to be his first high priest, and Aaron's sons to be priests to assist him. The high priests lived much like the regular priests, only they had a few special responsibilities that set them apart. It is partly covered, signifying that this sacred knowledge is both explicit and implicit, it will only be revealed when the student is ready to look beyond the material realm. Our starting point is Genesis 46:8-11 where we are told that the patriarch Jacob was the father of Levi and the sons of Levi were Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. Photo by Klaus-Peter Simon / Wikimedia. Deborah consents, but declares that the glory of the victory will therefore belong to a woman. Finally, the secretive nature of The High Priestess may suggest gossip and hidden agendas. The High Priestess sits in front of a thin veil decorated with pomegranates. Thus Christ became incarnate not only on account of His eternal purpose to live among His people, but primarily in order to fulfill the qualifications of the High Priest. 2023 Biddy Tarot. The writer of the book of Hebrews talks at great length about Jesus being our high priest (Hebrews 2:17, 3:1, 4:14, 5:5, 6:20, 8:1). James and his siblings were not children of Mary but were Josephs children from a previous marriage. Copyright 2011-2023 Got Questions Ministries - All Rights Reserved. Her research focuses on Hittite priesthood and comparative studies of issues related to Hittite and ancient Israelite cultures. If the chief priests are over the priests, then the high priest is likewise over the chief priests. [9] It seems, however, that the number of male priests exceeded that of priestesses. From Solomon's time until the Babylonian captivity the High Priests officiated at Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem. What was the high priests Job in the Old Testament? She rendered her judgments beneath a date palm tree between Ramah in Benjamin and Bethel in the land of Ephraim. The first two support the worship of the gods Baal and Asherah, and the third places an image of the goddess Asherah in the temple in Jerusalem; the text depicts this as an abominable artifact (). When the Tabernacle was built in the desert, it became necessary to appoint a High Priest to oversee its service. [20] Similarly, in prayer, the king would call his divine masters, the Sun-god and the Storm-god: you gods are my father and my mother. They are both male gods, but referring to them as father and mother is meant to represent their legal authority upon the king. Now is also a time of heightened intuitive ability and psychic insight. Though many nations in the Bible have priests, for the Hebrew people, a priest is specifically a male descendent of Aaron from the tribe of Levi. [12] Hittite queens as high priestesses also held this title. According to Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaqi), this is a misreading of the phrase, as "the high priest" does not refer to Jehozadak, who was exiled to Babylon without having served as high priest, but to his son Joshua, who ascended from Babylon at the end of the exile. on the Levites devolved the Temple-police, the guard of the gates, and the duty of keeping everything about the sanctuary clean . Join the waitlist for the All-New Biddy Tarot Deck (coming soon!). Learn Religions, Dec. 6, 2021, learnreligions.com/high-priest-700109. In Spirituality, the number 2 . The High Priestess Symbols Meaning & Imagery: cartomancy symbol meanings, mythological allegories and myths. His name is Jesus. Joseph Caiaphas was the high priest of Jerusalem who, according to Biblical accounts, sent Jesus to Pilate for his execution. However, it is unclear whether all those mentioned in the genealogy between Zadok and Jehozadak were high priests and whether high priests mentioned elsewhere (such as Jehoiada and Jehoiarib) are simply omitted or did not belong to the male line in this genealogy. The five descendants of Joshua are mentioned in Nehemiah, chapter 12, 10f. The hour -priests were astronomers who kept the calendar, determined lucky and unlucky days, interpreted omens and dreams. In the Eastern Catholic Churches, a married priest is one who married before being ordained. It was separated from the other chamber in the tent of meeting by a colorful veil. The high priests were forbidden from coming into contact with any dead body unless it was of the closest relatives, they were not to shave their heads or cut their beards, they could only marry Israelite virgins, and they could not perform their priestly duties if they had any physical deformities (Leviticus 21). Zavada, Jack. Got questions? Rather, because Christs superiority is based partly on His sympathy with us, we are to run to Him when we need His mercy and grace (4:16). The division into courses occurred during the reign of King David. As we explore the teaching about the old covenant priesthood and its follow up in 5:510, we will see that Christ lacks nothing essential to the office of high priest and that Christs High Priesthood has many advantages over the high priests of old. "Who Was the Tabernacle High Priest?" Some of Isis's many titles are: Queen of Heaven, Mother of the Gods, The One Who is All, Think of The High Priestess as the calm center inside of you that is untouched by your external world and trust that she is always there when you need her. This may fit with the biblical polemic against Asherah, known from archaeological texts as the consort of YHWH. What does a high priestess do? The High Priestess signifies spiritual enlightenment, inner illumination, divine knowledge and wisdom. The Hittite priest/priestess combination represented the duality inherent in the world male and female, as did the royal couple, who were titled as priest and priestess to the gods, and who served male and female deities. How Is It Possible that Jacob Mistakes Leah for Rachel? Since that time, there has been no Jewish high priest, for national sacrifice was permanently interrupted with the destruction of the Second Temple. Family Heritage of the Priests and Levites. . He also wore a breastplate holding 12 precious stones, each engraved with the name of one of the tribes of Israel. [15], In most texts MUNUSAMA.DINGIR was named together with a (male) SANGA-priest or GUDU-priest. They were the head of the twenty-four courses that rotated serving in Jerusalem's temple. Payment plans are available. 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved [18] She appeared in cultic rituals together with the king, and acted in most of the rituals in a similar way. Each stone was engraved with the names of six of the tribes of Israel. What are the practices, skills, or approaches we could learn from them? One exception is Menelaus, who may not have been from the Tribe of Levi at all, but from the Tribe of Benjamin. The word translated here as bond is the Hittite nouniiya-that is very rarely found in such a context, but is a clear depiction for the relationship to the god. We see reoccurring mentions in the Gospels: Matthew (seven times), Mark (eight), Luke (three), and John (ten). Hittite texts show us that in the ancient Near East, women, including the queen, served as priestesses. to the goddess Asherah, 2 Kings 23:7) and finally the women who were at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting (; Exod 38:8, 1Sam 2:22), but their precise role in the cult is not clear.[6]. Look for areas in your life that may be out of balance or lacking flow and ease. Prof. Ada Taggar-Cohen is a professor of Bible and Ancient Near Eastern studies, and the Head of the Program of Jewish Studies, at the School of Theology of Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan. . [13] On this professionals performances, and her esteemed status as rituals tradition transferor, see Billie Jean Collins, Women in Hittite Ritual, inWomen in the Ancient Near East: A Sourcebook(Ed. [23] Though there are attempts by scholars to show some feminine features of YHWH in the biblical texts,[24] overall the language and grammatical forms used to refer to YHWH are masculine. . high priest: [noun] a chief priest especially of the ancient Jewish Levitical priesthood traditionally traced from Aaron. [citation needed] [29] As descendants are traced through the male line, no room remained for leviot or kohanot. Why was a blood sacrifice required in the Old Testament sacrificial system? 5 What was in the holiest of holies? The high priest was the supreme religious leader of the Israelites. The old covenant high priest offered gifts and sacrifices for sins on behalf of men in relation to God (5:2). The lack of priestesses is a particular Israelite phenomenon; it differs, for example, from the cultic functions of priestesses as recorded in Hittite texts.
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