The factor of information still stays the most important. Henry Mayhew wrote with „London Labour and the London poor“ a social report. But, however, some few examples can be found, e.g. Note:1,0. While Mayhew relied on stereotypes and generalizations in the profiles, his individual interviews are crisp, journalistic accounts of misfortune and deprivation that tug at the heartstrings. The minds of such men, even without an approach to idiocy, appear to be blank.“ This sentence includes his impressions, is even a judgement about all of these poor people. The phatic function is assigned to the medium of contact - to which telephones or letters can be counted. As we can see this poetic function seems to be one of the most important, although the text is a report, for which this is really unnormal, because it should mention the mere facts (see also definition of „report“ in the introduction). The referential function is filled out by the factor of context. Items of commerce, such as food, drink, textiles, and household goods, were distributed by an army of carts and wagons. The Function of Appeal After the Dictionary of Contemporary English a report can be defined as the following: „a written or spoken description of a situation or event, giving people the information they need. Or take the image of „the scavengers“: their job is to take what no one wants anymore, namely to collect things out of the dustbins. The London Street-Folk;: Comprising, Street Sellers. This shows that it is of an important matter for him that everyone should know about the situation of these people. Although „London Labour and The London Poor“ is classified as a social report the referential function, which should be the most present as it is the function of objective description, does not occur very often in its pure state, if we can speak of „pure“ at all in the context of objective describing. München, 1995, S.1206. Here is a typical description by Mayhew: The articles comprising London Labour and the London Poor were initially collected into three volumes in 1851. Especially Bühler and Jakobson have developed useful theories about functions and factors of language. But the questions are, how he does it and what are his intentions in doing it. 2. In this passage, although he does not even comment on it, Mayhew manages to point out to the other people that these poor workers can even in this situation find something good about it, for example their freedom from not being ordered about by someone else. This zoom into the mass is to point out the personal fates and influence people to see the labourers as human beings which are worth to be helped. A Symbiosis of Bühler’s and Jakobson’s Model of Language Theory So, this passage can be counted to the referential function, although in its conclusion (when Mayhew describes the situation of the sweeps in detail) it changes into expressive or/and conative function, because in the choice of words we can see a clear stress on the cruelty of the sweeps’situation. This Study Guide consists of approximately 34 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - This job is done rather by the function of appeal. Jena, 1934. After having told the story of the bone-grubber sitting on the floor of a beer-shop (p. 136) he states: „I believe that no better description could be given of that vacuity of mind or mental inactivity which seems to form a part of the most degraded callings. The sender expresses words with which a certain thing is represented. In his writing (I was so much struck...) and in his acting (offering a job to the boy) he shows that he was so strongly moved that he even tries to change at least one worker’s fate, namely the one of the little mud-lark. when Mayhew informs us about the changed situation of the chimney-sweeps: „The circumstances and character of the chimney-sweeps have, since parliament“put down“ the climbing boys, undergone considerable change.“[7] Here he just states that there is a change under influence of parliament. The last pair are the factor of message and the poetic function. Finally, the genre of report and the question whether the text can be counted to this genre shall be clear. „He was, it is said, web-footed, naturally, and partially web-fingered[15].“ Here, a real mutation takes place, to show that this man’s element is the water and that he has the best conditions to work in it. The Expressive Function There are also examples of definitions of terms: „ The sewer-hunters were formerly, and are indeed still, called by the name of „Toshers“, the articles which they pick up in the course of their wanderings along the shore being known among themselves by the general term“tosh“, a word more particularly applied by them to anything made of copper.“[4]. London labour and the London poor : a cyclopaedia of the condition and earnings of those that will work, those that cannot work, and those that will not work Item Preview remove-circle Here, the author shows that he himself is ready to start this change in offering a job to the little mud-lark and asks the people to help, too. Bühler[2] offers us three different functions: the function of representation which means the mere signs of language, the function of expression, which means the way words are used in and the function of appeal describes the „tone“ a text is written in. [3] Nach: Bartenstein, Winfried: Arbeit mit französischen Sachtexten. Mayhew went into deep, almost pedantic detail concerning the trades, habits, religion, and domestic arrangements of the thousands of people working the streets of the city. This image, although Mayhew thinks it impossible to describe them, says more about the mud-larks’ outward appearance that anything else because it even stresses the poverty and leaves open to the reader to form his own image, as he likes them to see. The several interviews he leads with the workers also seem in some passages to influence the reader in his attitude towards the labourers, for example the one he leads with a sewer-hunter.

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