The king, known as the mwami headed a princely aristocracy (ganwa) which owned most of the land and required a tribute, or tax, from local farmers and herders. Today the population is divided between the Hutu (approximately 85%) and the Tutsi, approximately 14%. Colonial rule may have ended but civil war has just started. [19] After the assassination of Ntaryamira, the Hutu presidency and Tutsi military operated under a power-sharing political system until July 1996, when Tutsi Pierre Buyoya seized power in a military coup. In the 11th century though, the Hutu tribe came into the scene and dominated the land in terms of number. Although a post-transition constitution was approved in September 2004, it was approved over a boycott by the Tutsi parties. "[12] One of the first to be killed was deposed monarch Ntare V, in Gitega.[13]. Belgian and United Nations governance (1916–1962), CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Numbers from 1929-1967 are actual number of leadership positions held; subsequent numbers are percentages of the total. The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like. VideoWoman rescued from burning car by police officer, First baby male gorilla born at Boston zoo. Lemarchand, (2008). The first evidence of the Burundian state is from 16th century where it emerged on the eastern foothills. Meanwhile, President Micombero declared martial law on May 30 and asked Zairean President Mobutu Sese Seko for assistance. Two powerful Hutu rebel groups (the CNDD-FDD and the FNL) refused to sign the peace agreement and fighting continued in the countryside. In revenge, some Frodebu members massacre Tutsis, and the army begins reprisals. The two parts of Ruanda-Urundi become independent in July 1962. Burundi has a rich historical origin based on its ethnic settlers. The Rwandan genocide in 1994, sparked by the killing of Ndadaye's successor Cyprien Ntaryamira, further aggravated the conflict in Burundi by sparking additional massacres of Tutsis. Although Bagaza led a Tutsi-dominated military regime, he encouraged land reform, electoral reform, and national reconciliation. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. The immediate result is extreme ethnic violence between Tutsi and Hutu. During 1988, increasing tensions between the ruling Tutsis and the majority Hutus resulted in violent confrontations between the army, the Hutu opposition, and Tutsi hardliners. [citation needed], The monarchy refused to recognize gains by Hutu candidates in the first legislative elections held by Burundi as an independent country on 10 May 1965. That's it. In response, a group of Hutu carried out a failed coup attempt against the monarchy on 18 October 1965, which in turn prompted the killing of scores of Hutu politicians and intellectuals. By then virtually every educated Hutu element, down to secondary school students, was either dead or in flight. Video, 'I love you so much': Reunited after 215 days apart, US Election 2020: Trump and Obama lock horns in rival rallies, Trump's lawyer Giuliani dismisses 'compromising' clip from new Borat film, Australia aged care: Inquiry hears 50 sexual assaults happen each week, Martin Bashir: BBC journalist 'seriously unwell' from Covid, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Among Us game watched by 400,000, Asafoetida: The smelly spice India loves but never grew, Covid: No safety concerns found with Oxford vaccine trial after Brazil death, Tanzania President John Magufuli: The man who 'banned' coronavirus. Burundi -- History. [29] Fighting was reported in northern Burundi on 10–11 July. An army officer's coup attempt fails. The organization reported that the government had arrested critics, muzzled the press, committed human rights abuses, and tightened its control over the economy, and that "unless it [reversed] this authoritarian course, it risk[ed] triggering violent unrest and losing the gains of peace process."[20]. In 1976, Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza took power in a bloodless coup. It was only in the Rugamba reign (1796 to 1850) though, that the monarchy gained ultimate political influence by doubling in scope. Agathon Rwasa was placed second and credited with 18.99% despite calling for a boycott.[33]. It was not until 1899 that Burundi became a part of German East Africa. 1992 - New constitution providing for a multiparty system is adopted in a referendum. The trust territory guidelines required that the trust territories be prepared for independence and majority rule but it wasn't until 10 November 1959 that Belgium committed itself to political reform and legalised the emergence of competing political parties. Congolese paratroopers were deployed to secure the airport while the Burundi army moved into the countryside. [11], A week after the insurgent proclamation of a republic, government troops moved in. In May 1965 elections bring a Hutu majority in the national assembly. International human rights groups[who?] Former President Domitien Ndayizeye and his political supporters were arrested in 2006 and accused of plotting a coup, but later he was acquitted by the Supreme Court. 1972 - About 120,000 Hutus are massacred by government forces and their supporters in the wake of a Hutu-led uprising in the south. 1963 - Thousands of Hutus flee to Rwanda following ethnic violence. He is flown to Burundi, where he is accused of attempting invasion with the assistance of white mercenaries. 1962 - Urundi secedes and becomes independent kingdom of Burundi, under King Mwambutsa IV. 2004 - UN force takes over peacekeeping duties from African Union troops. [citation needed]. A Short History of Burundi. Micombero abolished the monarchy and declared a republic. Ruanda-Urundi: 1887-1914: The highlands of Rwanda and Burundi, east of Lake Kivu, are the last part of Africa to be reached by Europeans in the colonial expansion of the late 19th century. 2001 October - Talks brokered by South African President Nelson Mandela lead to installation of transitional government, but main Hutu rebel groups refuse to sign and fighting intensifies. Grégoire Kayibanda, one of the authors of the. .css-14iz86j-BoldText{font-weight:bold;}pre-1300s - Hutu people settle in the region.`. The origins of Burundi are known from a mix of oral history and archaeology. Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea! He was re-elected in 2010 with more than 91% of the votes amidst an opposition boycott[22] and sworn in for his second term on 26 August 2010. Ndadaye was assassinated three months later, in October 1993, by Tutsi army extremists. 1959-1961 - Independence drive led by cross-communal UPRONA party of Prince Louis Rwagasore, which wins 1961 legislative elections. A decade of civil war followed, as the Hutu formed militias in the refugee camps of northern Tanzania. European explorers and missionaries made brief visits to the area as early as 1856, and they compared the organization of the kingdom of Burundi with that of the old Greek empire. See also the list of Kings of Burundi, list of colonial governors of Burundi, and list of Presidents of Burundi. Ndadaye's party, Frodebu (Democractic Front in Burundi), also wins a large majority in the accompanying legislative elections. 1988 - Some 50,000 Hutu refugees flee to Rwanda from Burundi following ethnic violence there. [citation needed] The UN donated $35 million to Burundi to work on infrastructure, to promote democratic practices, to rebuild the military, and to defend human rights. The Hutu are subject to the forced labour which disfigures many European colonies in Africa, but here it is the Tutsi who supervise them at their tasks. At the same time they claim Burundi, a separate kingdom to the south. Trump and Obama lock horns in rival rallies, Woman rescued from burning car by police officer. Both suggest that the nation was founded by a man named Cambarantama. Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira, "World News Briefs; Burundi Aide Killed, Raising Ethnic Tension", "300 Slain in Attack on Camp For Refugees in Burundi Strife", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Burundian_history&oldid=981564073, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The Burundian parliament votes to move the capital from, This page was last edited on 3 October 2020, at 03:01. [16] Lemarchand notes that, while crushing the rebellion was the first priority, the genocide was successful in a number of other objectives: ensuring the long-term stability of the Tutsi state by eliminating Hutu elites and potential elites; turning the army, police and gendarmerie into a Tutsi monopoly; denying the potential return of monarchy through the murder of Ntare V; and creating a new legitimacy for the Hima-dominated state as protector of the country, especially for the previously fractious Tutsi-Banyaruguru.[17][18]. But the fabric of the nation crumbles in 1965-6. In 2007, even the United Nations peacekeeping operations have put to end its efforts to appease these factions to concentrate on economic development, instead. [26], Opposition groups announced on 26 June that they would boycott the election. On 24 December 2018, the government moved Burundi's political capital from Bujumbura back to Gitega, where it had been until 1966. Protestors take to the streets and tens of thousands flee the violence. To read about the background to these events, see History of Burundi. The Germans then helped him suppress Maconco's revolt. The incumbent president, Pierre Buyoya, is expected to win Burundi's first multiparty presidential election in June 1993, but he is defeated by Melchior Ndadaye, leader of the main opposition party. 2005 August - Pierre Nkurunziza, from the Hutu FDD group, is elected as president by the two houses of parliament. This is a timeline of Burundian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Burundi and its predecessor states. Share | Discover in a free daily email today's famous history and birthdays Enjoy the Famous Daily. The FDD won parliamentary elections in June. [2] In the following months, Burundian political parties began to advocate for the end of Belgian colonial rule and the separation of Rwanda and Burundi. See also the list of Kings of Burundi, list of colonial governors of Burundi, and list of Presidents of Burundi. In response to this military coup (suddenly unfashionable in the Africa of the 1990s) sanctions are imposed on Burundi by most of the neighbouring states, including Rwanda. Sample testing had shown that those who were HIV positive were 20 percent of the urban population and 6% of the rural population. .css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link{color:inherit;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:focus,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:focus{color:#B80000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link::after,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:2;}Trump and Obama lock horns in rival rallies.

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