Clarence duly married Warwick’s daughter in defiance of Edward’s wishes and, aged 19, went into open rebellion against his own brother. La cause précise de la mort d'Édouard IV n'est pas connue avec exactitude, la pneumonie, la typhoïde ou même un empoisonnement faisant partie des principales hypothèses. Publication du Centre européen d'études bourguignonnes. Within three months after the death (on April 9, 1483) of Edward IV, however, Gloucester had defeated Elizabeth’s party and seized the throne from Edward IV’s son and successor, the 12-year-old Edward V. It is not entirely clear why Elizabeth, who had taken sanctuary, surrendered her younger son (on June 16) and later her daughters to Richard III. King Edward IV of England was born on April 28, 1442 and died on April 9, 1483. If Richard shared Clarence’s hunger for wealth and power, he also shared the predicament of how to make his vast gains permanent, to protect them for his family line in perpetuity. © HistoryOnTheNet 2000-2019. For Richard, this was the great landed powerbase that he craved.
Richard died as he had lived. Conscient du faible potentiel de son armée, essentiellement constituée d'archers sans expérience guerrière, et devant l'absence de soutien militaire de Charles le Téméraire, il préfère accepter les offres généreuses du roi de France Louis XI et le traité de Picquigny, signé le 29 août 1475, met officiellement fin à la guerre de Cent Ans[19]. Scott Michael Rank, Ph.D., is the editor of History on the Net and host of the History Unplugged podcast.
Edward built St George's Chapel at Windsor (intending it as a mausoleum for the Yorkists, as he was buried there) and a new great hall at Eltham Palace. Updates?
Il réussit à détruire la maison de Lancastre par une série de victoires spectaculaires et ne fut jamais vaincu sur le champ de bataille. In the early years of Edward’s rule, the de facto heir to the throne grew up fast; by all accounts, he was intelligent, with a quicksilver wit. Please enter your number below. You have successfully linked your account! Convinced that Edward was denying him what was rightfully his, Clarence also felt excluded from the king’s inner circle, one increasingly dominated by members of the queen’s Woodville family and their affiliates. This action alienated the Earl of Warwick who allied himself with Edward’s brother George and offered his support to Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI. Edward, however, had other ideas and in 1464 secretly married the woman he loved, Elizabeth Woodville.
It was impressionable behaviour: one contemporary, trying to explain it, shrugged that Clarence had “a mind too conscious of a daring deed”. After Henry Tudor became king as Henry VII in 1485, he married Elizabeth’s eldest daughter; but in 1487 Elizabeth was disgraced—probably for treasonable activities—and forced to withdraw to a convent, where she died five years later. Edward, the young Duke of York, claimed the throne after the Battle of Towton in 1461, when Henry VI and his Queen fled to Scotland. Edward’s sister Margaret was married in July 1468 with great pomp to Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy, and the brothers-in-law planned a joint invasion of France. La rivalité constante entre les deux frères d'Édouard, désormais mariés aux deux filles de Neville, concernant l'héritage de leur père, trouble le monarque et, en février 1478, Georges est accusé de comploter contre Édouard et, convaincu de trahison, est exécuté en privé (noyé dans une barrique de malvoisie selon la tradition populaire)[20]. These ideals swiftly disintegrated on contact with the realities of kingship. In any…, …King Edward IV and Queen Elizabeth (Woodville), Edward was born at Westminster Abbey while his father, momentarily deposed, was in exile in Holland. Accueillis à la Cour du roi Louis XI, ils concluent une alliance avec Marguerite d'Anjou, épouse d'Henri VI, et Neville accepte de restaurer celui-ci sur le trône en échange d'un soutien français à son projet d'invasion, qu'il mène à bien au mois d'octobre 1470. They needed endowments to reflect this new, exalted status, and Edward, flush with the confiscated wealth of his Lancastrian opponents, rewarded them accordingly. Soon both sons disappeared from Richard’s custody, presumably murdered. As soon as these noble families had made their peace with the Yorkist regime, they would be wanting those titles and lands back – and what the king gave, the king could always take away. Circumstances had raised Edward, Clarence and Richard into a place of exceptional power and wealth. Richard’s seizure of power was driven by the peculiarly corrosive mix of vulnerability, self-serving opportunism and conviction that had come to characterise the politics of the age. Puis il bat l'armée de Marguerite d'Anjou à la bataille de Tewkesbury, le 4 mai 1471, où Édouard de Westminster, le fils d'Henri VI est exécuté[17]. On the eve of Bosworth, he saw the coming battle as a nihilistic encounter. Voyant que la situation militaire est intenable, Édouard disperse ses troupes et s'enfuit en Bourgogne avec son frère Richard de Gloucester pendant qu'Henri VI est rétabli sur le trône d'Angleterre par Neville[15]. Edward was born 28th April 1442 in Rouen France. Corrections? Even though the scoliosis that had begun to afflict him was hardly detectable, in time it doubtless contributed to the contrast, remarked on time and again by contemporaries, between Richard’s slight frame and his “great heart”. This was Isabel Neville, the older daughter of his Yorkist cousin, the powerful and influential Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick. Edward, meanwhile, fed his brother’s military aspirations, appointing him leader of his army with the promise that Richard could keep whatever territory he conquered north of the border. Le conseil de régence dirigé par Richard, lord protecteur du royaume et tuteur du jeune roi se saisit d'un possible cas de bigamie du roi décédé. Son fils, Édouard V, âgé de douze ans, lui succède sur le trône. De son mariage avec Élisabeth Woodville (1437 – 1492) naissent dix enfants : Il eut également de nombreuses maîtresses, la plus célèbre de toutes étant Jane Shore, et il est rapporté qu'il eut plusieurs enfants illégitimes, dont le plus connu reste Arthur Plantagenêt, qui fut une célèbre figure de la Cour durant le règne d'Henri VIII. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 21 octobre 2020 à 22:45. His inability to practise the kingly ideals he preached – as well as a failure to control the narrative surrounding the fate of the princes in the Tower – led ultimately to his downfall. In June 1471, after Edward IV had crushed his foes and reclaimed his crown, young Edward was made prince of Wales. On peut aussi attribuer sa mort à son style de vie peu sain car, devenu inactif, il avait pris beaucoup d'embonpoint au cours des années précédant sa mort. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. His prodigious appetites resulted in ballooning weight later in life. You will shortly receive a receipt for your purchase via email.
Thomas Penn is a historian and author, whose latest book, The Brothers York: An English Tragedy, (Allen Lane, 2019). Les prétentions de son père à la couronne d'Angleterre, et la santé mentale inégale du roi Henri VI forment le facteur déclenchant de l'escalade du conflit connu sous le nom de guerre des Deux-Roses. In this regard, Edward was prepared to indulge Richard as he had never done Clarence. After Edward’s death popular dislike of her and her court facilitated the usurpation of power by Richard, duke of Gloucester (King Richard III). La libération de Henry Percy, dont le père lancastrien est mort à Towton, et son rétablissement en tant que comte de Northumberland, entraîne la défection de John Neville, qui espérait conserver le titre, récompense accordée par Édouard IV après ses victoires pour York. With all this came a terrifying unpredictability. Clarence, for his part, would prove phenomenally disobedient. Most of all, Richard was unable to control the narrative around the fate of the princes, Edward IV’s two sons, who he had declared illegitimate and had locked in the Tower of London. En dépit de ses quelques revers politiques, souvent provoqués par son grand rival, le roi Louis XI, il fut un souverain populaire et capable. Blood brothers: Richard III’s battle with his siblings. Richard, duc de Gloucester, est couronné sous le nom de Richard III. The key figure in the bitter familial dispute was Edward IV, the eldest son of Richard, Duke of York, and the man who, in 1461, had seized the crown from his hapless Lancastrian foe, Henry VI. One good authority thought him “the most beautiful prince my eyes ever beheld”. At home, Edward relied heavily on his own personal control in government, reviving the ancient custom of sitting in person 'on the bench' (i.e. More pressingly, the exceptional wealth with which he had been endowed was vulnerable to the demands of rival claimants. In June 1471, after Edward IV had crushed his foes and reclaimed his crown, young Edward was made prince of Wales. Despite the fact that she was Edward IV's queen consort, mother of the missing princes in the tower—Edward, Prince of Wales, and his younger brother Richard, Duke … With their big brother Edward now king of England, they were first and second in line to the throne. The House of York versus the House of Lancaster.
Edward collected illuminated manuscripts - his collection survives in the British Library and is the only intact medieval royal collection - and patronised the new invention of printing. George was married to Isabel Neville, older daughter of the powerful magnate Richard, Earl of Warwick. Her funeral was unremarkable and quick, lacking the typical ceremony accorded women of her rank, probably because of fear of contagion. Il meurt le 9 avril 1483 et est enterré dans la chapelle Saint-Georges, au château de Windsor. At the heart of this unparalleled act of dynastic self-harm was the mutually destructive relationship between three royal siblings on the same side of the great dynastic divide: Edward IV, the future Richard III, and the middle brother, George, Duke of Clarence, who wanted to be king but never was. Il est le premier roi d'Angleterre issu de la maison d'York. That knot quickly began to loosen. Il entre alors dans Londres, tenue par Neville, où, après avoir été acclamé par une foule en liesse, il se fait couronner hâtivement roi d'Angleterre le 4 mars[8]. Barely into his teens, he was already hungry for power and pricklingly sensitive about his new status – which, was, as he well knew, fragile. Tellingly, one commentator remarked how those outside Edward’s charmed circle began to desert the king, perhaps convinced that the game of courtiership wasn’t worth playing. Elizabeth Woodville, or Wydeville, was the wife of King Edward IV of England. Fiercely loyal, dependable and obedient, he had fled into exile with Edward in 1470, and had then fought with remarkable ferocity in the battles of 1471, belying not only his youth – he was still only 18 – but his apparent physical fragility. Married to Elizabeth Woodville; children included Edward V and Richard of Shrewsbury (the princes in the Tower), and Elizabeth of York, who would go on to marry Henry VII. His killing at the battle of Bosworth in 1485 ushered in Henry VII, the first of the Tudors. As one poet, triumphantly proclaiming unity between the Yorkist brothers, asserted: “The knot was knit again.”. The notorious verse pinned to the door of St Paul’s Cathedral in the summer of 1484 – “The Cat, the Rat, and Lovell our dog/Rule all England under a hog”, a reference to three of Richard’s closest advisors and Richard’s boar badge – wasn’t a gratuitous insult: it went to the heart of what people felt had gone so quickly wrong with his regime.
Inflexible and impulsive, his inability to live up to the ideals he had so publicly proclaimed looked to many like hypocrisy and a profound failure in kingship. This article was first published in the November 2019 edition of BBC History Magazine.
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