[2], After contributing various and generally polemical pieces in university magazines, Eliade came to the attention of journalist Pamfil Șeicaru, who invited him to collaborate on the nationalist paper Cuvântul, which was noted for its harsh tones. [87] However, Ellwood writes that Eliade "tends to slide over that last qualification", implying that traditional societies actually thought like homo religiosus. Wedemeyer, Christian; Doniger, Wendy (eds.). "[233], For Călinescu, such a perspective on life culminated in "banality," leaving authors gripped by the "cult of the self" and "a contempt for literature". Vol. L'Épreuve du labyrinthe. Eliade and his wife, ironically, thus spent the Blitz in London, a period when Romania was still neutral. BORN: 1937, Mussoorie, India [67] This was probably not his first experience with drugs: vague mentions in his notebooks have been read as indication that Mircea Eliade was taking opium during his travels to Calcutta. [72], In 1990, after the Romanian Revolution, Eliade was elected posthumously to the Romanian Academy. However, his scholarly works draw heavily on philosophical and psychological terminology. In his work on the history of religion, Eliade is most highly regarded for his writings on Alchemy,[83] Shamanism, Yoga and what he called the eternal return—the implicit belief, supposedly present in religious thought in general, that religious behavior is not only an imitation of, but also a participation in, sacred events, and thus restores the mythical time of origins. According to Eliade, one of the most common shamanistic themes is the shaman's supposed death and resurrection. Nelson has lost any unquestioned sympathy for Christianity, but the result is that he makes vague statements and gives us a sense that he endorses religion in a general and theoretical way but has never met any real religion that he has ever liked. An unprecedented event occurred with the interview that was granted by Mircea Eliade to poet Adrian Păunescu, during the latter's 1970 visit to Chicago; Eliade complimented both Păunescu's activism and his support for official tenets, expressing a belief that, the youth of Eastern Europe is clearly superior to that of Western Europe. [49] He won the trial, and regained his position as Nae Ionescu's assistant. There he developed his interest in Salazar, about whom he wrote a book that was published back in Romania. . [37] A doctor in the Kabbalah and future Romanian Orthodox cleric, Avramescu joined Eliade in editing the short-lived esoteric magazine Memra (the only one of its kind in Romania). [18], He studied the basics of Indian philosophy, and, in parallel, learned Sanskrit, Pali and Bengali under Dasgupta's direction. [233] Noting that the plot and setting reminded one of horror fiction works by the German author Hanns Heinz Ewers, and defending Domnişoara Christina in front of harsher criticism, Călinescu nonetheless argued that the "international environment" in which it took place was "upsetting". That could well have bothered him, but then he felt that his primary interests were not political. [4] He also commented that, when set in Romania, Mircea Eliade's stories lacked the "perception of immediate reality", and, analyzing the non-traditional names the writer tended to ascribe to his Romanian characters, that they did not depict "specificity". Because Eliade stayed out of politics during his later life, Ellwood tries to extract an implicit political philosophy from Eliade's scholarly works. His literary works belong to the fantastic and autobiographical genres. ." MAJOR WORKS: With Eliade there is no doubt of his commitment to Christianity. Mircea Eliade (13 March 1907 {O.S. [261], Early on, Mircea Eliade's novels were the subject of satire: before the two of them became friends, Nicolae Steinhardt, using the pen name Antisthius, authored and published parodies of them. Perhaps the best introduction to Mircea Eliade's life and thought is Ordeal by Labyrinth: Conversations with Claude-Heuri Rocquet, translated from the French by Derek Coltmann (1982). [1] However, although Doniger agrees that Eliade made over-generalizations, she notes that his willingness to "argue boldly for universals" allowed him to see patterns "that spanned the entire globe and the whole of human history". The problem is whether foolish or ignorant views are vicious or merely well meaning but uninformed. [238], Allan himself stands alongside Eliade's male characters, whose focus is on action, sensation and experience—his chaste contacts with Maitreyi are encouraged by Sen, who hopes for a marriage which is nonetheless abhorred by his would-be European son-in-law. It now appears that Eliade's enthusiasm may have been much more political, rather than merely cultural, and even anti-Semitic, than his own later collections give us to understand. [228] However, Ellwood admits that common tendencies in "mythological thinking" may have caused Eliade, as well as Jung and Campbell, to view certain groups in an "essentialist" way, and that this may explain their purported antisemitism: "A tendency to think in generic terms of peoples, races, religions, or parties, which as we shall see is undoubtedly the profoundest flaw in mythological thinking, including that of such modern mythologists as our three, can connect with nascent anti-Semitism, or the connection can be the other way. The subsequent ideological break between him and Eliade has been compared by writer Gabriela Adameşteanu with that between Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus. In fact, their initiation rituals often involve a symbolic death and resurrection, or symbolic ordeals followed by relief. [256] Three years later, Eliade's political activities were brought into discussion as he was getting ready to publish a translation of his Techniques du Yoga with the left-leaning Italian company Giulio Einaudi Editore—the denunciation was probably orchestrated by Romanian officials. Otto's addition of numinosity to Ahndung, made no change, as far as he was concerned, in the overall structure of Friesian theory. [4] He commented that, like Gide, Eliade believed that the artist "does not take a stand, but experiences good and evil while setting himself free from both, maintaining an intact curiosity. [188] According to Eliade, "Christianity strives to save history". ." To put his life and work into further context, do a Web search on the political movements in the country during the 1930s and following decades. [6] He left his residence in 1936, during a trip he made to the United Kingdom and Germany, when he first visited London, Oxford and Berlin. [138], In addition to his political essays, the young Mircea Eliade authored others, philosophical in content. By identifying with Christ, modern man can learn to confront painful historical events. [45], In 1936, Eliade was the focus of a campaign in the far right press, being targeted for having authored "pornography" in his Domnișoara Christina and Isabel și apele diavolului; similar accusations were aimed at other cultural figures, including Tudor Arghezi and Geo Bogza. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://www.friesian.com/vocab.htm. His prospects of employment in America, however, were bad -- American immigration laws were then prohibitive -- but then a friend of his offered him a chance for a diplomatic post, as cultural attaché, in London. [234] Pavel himself eventually abandons his belief in sex as a means for enlightenment, and commits suicide in hopes of reaching the level of primordial unity. Ricketts, Mac Linscott, Mircea Eliade: the Romanian roots, 1907-1945, Boulder: East European Monographs; New York: Distributed by Columbia University Press, 1988. [89] From the perspective of religious thought, Eliade argues, hierophanies give structure and orientation to the world, establishing a sacred order. To give his own life value, traditional man performs myths and rituals. . In Romania the interest in Eliade was revived by the publication of At the Court of Dionysus (1977), which offered a good selection of Eliade's best fiction. I am, in my moments of sadness, obliged to those who have permitted me to say that we have loved him, admired him, respected him and that once more he, Mircea, does never cease to be missed spiritually and emotionally, by all of us. [234], The other characters, standing for Eliade's generation, all seek knowledge through violence or retreat from the world—nonetheless, unlike Anicet, they ultimately fail at imposing rigors upon themselves. [3] Mircea Eliade had a sister, Corina, the mother of semiologist Sorin Alexandrescu. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Beyond his involvement with a movement known for its antisemitism, Eliade did not usually comment on Jewish issues. Also, the ease of access to Gandhi may have varied over time, so that Eliade might not have been able to just walk in on him as would have been possible later. That is the question that particularly interested Otto (and Eliade). [6] Eliade subsequently adopted Giza,[27] and the three of them moved to an apartment at 141 Dacia Boulevard. Ellwood also believes that Romanticism, which stimulated the modern study of mythology,[197] strongly influenced the mythologists. Thus, as a writer of fiction, his work continues to belong only to Romanian literature: In his native land, Romania, where he is better known for his fantastic and realistic fiction, he ranks among the nation's most significant writers. This dialectic involves the experience of the transcendent in which the sacred (infinite, eternal, nonhistorical) paradoxically manifests itself through ordinarily profane (finite, temporal, historical) phenomena. Critics charge that Eliade devalued and distorted historical religion and nonarchaic, modern religion. Lauded for his brilliance as a writer of modern fiction, Ralph Ellison has produced wor…, BORN: 1917, Manchester, England After he has been dismembered by the initiatory spirits, they often replace his old organs with new, magical ones (the shaman dies to his profane self so that he can rise again as a new, sanctified, being). As a man of letters he wrote numerous essays, novels, short stories, several volumes of autobiography, and edited compilations of classical texts.

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