In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. Microcomputer - Wikipedia These tools take over the task of doing arithmetic functions so that students can focus on higher level mathematics concepts Spreadsheet This software is sometimes credited with starting the "microcomputer revolution" in schools, since it was the first software package available for home computers. Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. The ABC was at the center of a patent dispute related to the invention of the computer, which was resolved in 1973 when it was shown that ENIAC co-designer John Mauchly had seen the ABC shortly after it became functional. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. Question 13. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. The machine used up to 65,536 one-bit processors and could complete several billion operations per second. Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. Cameras would become a significant part of most phones within a year, and several countries have even passed laws regulating their use. Its base price was $6,500. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. A Brief History of the Microcomputer - TurboFuture The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. A special version, known as HARVEST, was developed for the US National Security Agency (NSA). Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. FoxBase/FoxPro | Localazy Hub The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. Building a computer into the watch form factor has been attempted many times but the release of the Apple Watch leads to a new level of excitement. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. A commercial version of Alan Turing's Pilot ACE, called DEUCEthe Digital Electronic Universal Computing Engine -- is used mostly for science and engineering problems and a few commercial applications. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. MOS 6502 ad from IEEE Computer, Sept. 1975. True False The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. Typically, computer users of the time fed their programs into a computer using punched cards or paper tape. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. Weighing 24 pounds and costing $1,795, the Osborne 1 is the first mass-produced portable computer. The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes. Get started for free! His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. Before its decommissioning in 1952, the SSEC produced the moon position tables used in early planning of the 1969 Apollo XII moon landing. The most ambitious massively parallel computer at the time, the ILLIAC IV was plagued with design and production problems. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. Definition. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. A. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. List of early microcomputers - Wikipedia What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. What productivity activity does infographic software best support? The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. It presents an approach to the technology and the implementation prOblem, documented with information about specific transit applica-tions. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. The MOS 6502 was introduced at a conference in San Francisco at a cost of $25, far less than comparable processors from Intel and Motorola, leading some attendees to believe that the company was perpetrating a hoax. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. Altair 8800 Microcomputer | National Museum of American History The first of David Hilbert's 23 unsolved problems presented at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 involved the Continuum Hypothesis. What kind of software tool are Notebook and ActivInspire examples of? 2. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. Physicist Stan Frankel, intrigued by small, general-purpose computers, developed the MINAC at Caltech. The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. The Moore School Building at the University of Pennsylvania. Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . Palm Inc., founded by Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins, originally created software for the Casio Zoomer personal data assistant. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. data. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. The first practical stored-program computer to provide a regular computing service, EDSAC is built at Cambridge University using vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines for memory. Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. The NBS also built the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis on the UCLA campus. Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. In 1977, MITS was sold to Pertec, which continued producing Altairs in 1978. After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. The Mark 1 produced mathematical tables but was soon superseded by electronic stored-program computers. It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. The computer had to be rugged and fast, with advanced circuit design and reliable packaging able to withstand the forces of a missile launch. Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. The first stored-program computer to be built in continental Europe was the MESM, completed in the Soviet Union in 1950. Which software function could help students memorize the correct names of chemical elements? The last one was decommissioned in 1979. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. Survey of Operating Systems Chapter #1 Flashcards | Quizlet They did. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. Initially designed for internal use by HP employees, co-founder Bill Hewlett issues a challenge to his engineers in 1971: fit all of the features of their desktop scientific calculator into a package small enough for his shirt pocket. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. Apple introduces their first ultra notebook a light, thin laptop with high-capacity battery. Officially known as the Track Write, the automatically expanding full-sized keyboard used by the ThinkPad 701 is designed by inventor John Karidis. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. Until recently, good microcomputer software for multimedia presentations was not available, but was much in demand by businesses. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. service packs. Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. . Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. Micral Computer: Everything You Need To Know In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. IBMs first personal computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT display, and cassette tape storage. Created by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly -- designers of the earlier ENIAC computer -- the Univac 1 used 5,200 vacuum tubes and weighed 29,000 pounds. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. Software The function of an output device is to: Selected Answer: Convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end-users. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. Motorola went on to create the 68000 series, which became the basis for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. Free Flashcards about Chapter 1 OSystems - StudyStack The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. For research, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) supplied the components, and 50 original LINCs were made. Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. Until the year 2000, it was the world's fastest supercomputer, able to achieve peak performance of 1.3 teraflops, (about 1.3 trillion calculations per second). Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. Total Cards. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. The Altair had no keyboard and could not be connected to a television screen. The Nest allowed for remote access to a users homes thermostat by using a smartphone or tablet and could also send monthly power consumption reports to help save on energy bills. VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive). More than one hundred Paragons were installed over the lifetime of the system, each costing as much as five million dollars. The first commercially advertised US computer based on a microprocessor (the Intel 8008,) the Scelbi has 4 KB of internal memory and a cassette tape interface, as well as Teletype and oscilloscope interfaces. The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. Information Management System Chapter 3 Quiz - CourseBB What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? After being successfully used for decades, NTDS was phased out in favor of the newer AEGIS system in the 1980s. Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. The Jaguar was used to study climate science, seismology, and astrophysics applications. The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. Answer: . The Librascope division of defense contractor General Precision buys Frankels design, renaming it the LGP-30 in 1956. spreadsheet What is the function of an IEP generator? This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. Using this system, the machine could work faster than any other at the time on a problem that could be parceled out among the many processors. What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for use in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used unusual 12-hole paper tape. Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. Description. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. This free, public set of lectures inspired the EDSAC, BINAC, and, later, IAS machine clones like the AVIDAC. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. The 1973 Wang 2200 makes it a successful computer company, too. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. Updates called _____ contain fixes and enhancements to the operating system. IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the first time. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. D. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). FoxBase is a database management system and programming language developed by Fox Software in the mid-1980s. The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. Microsoft founded - HISTORY When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for use by students. [2] A consortium of aerospace, energy, and marine science agencies undertook the project, and the system was built by NEC around their SX-6 architecture. The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. Microsoft Apps While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. It has pre-programmed curricular material. The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines.
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